* Данный текст распознан в автоматическом режиме, поэтому может содержать ошибки

Trait theory (in psychology) – is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are shy), and influence behavior. Gordon Allport was an early pioneer in the study of traits, which he sometimes referred to as dispositions. In his approach, central traits are basic to an individual's personality, whereas secondary traits are more peripheral. Common traits are those recognized within a culture and may vary between cultures. Cardinal traits are those by which an individual may be strongly recognized. There is a nearly unlimited number of potential traits that could be used to describe personality. Two-child policy – is a government-imposed limit of two children allowed per family. It is used for some population groups in China, has previously been used in Vietnam, and has lately been discussed in the Philippines. Although not by law, citizens of Hong Kong are also highly encouraged to have two children as a limit, and it is used as part of the region's family planning strategies. U Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich (1824–1871) – a Russian teacher and writer, the founder of scientific pedagogy in Russia. Ushinsky's magnum opus was his theoretical work «The Human As a Subject of Education: Pedagogical Anthropology in three volumes». According to Ushinsky, the subject of education is human, so it is impossible to achieve results in education without using the results of the «anthropological sciences»: philosophy, political economy, history, literature, psychology, anatomy, physiology. According to Ushinsky, «Pedagogical experience without science is equivalent to witchcraft in medicine. «Ushinsky was a teacher of Russian Literature and Law at the Gatchina Orphanage (Gatchinsky Sirotsky Institut). In 1855–1859 he became the Inspector at the same institution. There was a lucky incident during his inspectorship: he discovered two sealed-off bookcases untouched for more than twenty years, which held the library of Pestalozzi's pupil Hugel. This discovery strongly influenced Ushinsky's interest in theoretical pedagogy. Then Ushinsky was the Inspector of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens 76