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517 EAINEIA ICA?I—EAIONOA II?NEA? 518 iinou n i?ae?aniie noaaaiie ?anoeoaeuiinou?. Ai?u nei?aiu ec ne?aenouo ecaanoiyeia e oei?eoiauo neaioaa. EAINEIA ICA?I (Aeoae)—iaaieuoia e?oaeia ic., ?aniiei?aiiia ia Eaineii ieineiai?ua, a aa?oiauyo ?a?uoa (ni.); ecaanoii iaeeeai ?uau e aiayiie ioeou. EAIOAAE?, ?.—eaa. i?eoie Aienay (ni.), a Caiaaiii Nayia; aa?ao ia?aei a aieuoao Nayineiai (Nieioneiai) o?. e oa?ao a n.-a. iai?aaeaiee. Oe?eia ?aee a n?. oa?aiee nauoa 50 i. ?aea auno?a, iiiaiaiaia, ii ii?i?enoa. Ae. ii?iae: iiuiue «Aieuoie» a 10 ei io onouy E. e «Oiu-Noeneee» ie?a onouy ?. Oiu-Noea. E. iaei i?eaiaai aey nieaaa. Ii?ao auou eniieuciaai a ieciauyo aey ooeeecaoee aiaiie yia?aee. Aiaao ?uaie. A 1929 ecuneaoaeuneie ia?oeae Aaieiae?aneiai Eiieoaoa ii Eaioaae?o ioe?uou iieeaaai e a ie?iai oa?aieecaea?e anaanoa. EAIOAAE?NEEE O?AAAO —ni. Caiaaiue Nayi. EAIOIIENOU. Einoeooo E. aiciee ia ii?aa e?aiinoiiai i?aaa. Iaae?aaoeany ec iiaaoiuo nineiaee ?ae?oou, inaiaiaeaoenu io iiiaueea, iinooiaee ni naieie aaouie a ?anii?y?aiea aiaiiiai aaa-aa e cae?aieyeenu ca iei. ?enei eeo, n aaonoaa iaycaiiuo aiaiiie neo?aie, a?aiy io a?aiaie oaaee?eaaeinu ca n?ao ?aciuo a?oii ianaeaiey. Ia?aei yoiio naiaia?aciiio nineiae? e?aiinoiie ?innee auei iiei?aii Iao?ii I, o??aaeaoei aey nieaaoneeo aaoae i?e ea?aii iieeo aa?ieciiiua oeieu. A aeaoa?eieineia a?aiy oaeea oeieu auee o??a?aaiu i?e nea. e?aiinoyo. Ca ionoonoaeai oeie a?a?aaineiai aaa-aa a aa?ieciiiua oeieu i?eieiaeenu a Nea. e aaoe aooiaainoaa e ?eiiaieeia. A 1798 oeieu yoe auee ia?aeiaiiaaiu a aiaiii-ne?ioneea ioaaeaiey. A 1805 ana ieoiiou yoeo ioaaeaiee iieo?eee iacaaiea «eaioiienoia» (io i?onneiai oa?ieia «eaioii»—iieeiaie ie?oa). A Nea. aiaiii-ne?io. ioaaeaiey ia?aeiaiiaaiu a iieoaaoaeeuiiu e ?iou E. aiaii iic?a, ?ai a Aa?ii. ?innee—a 1827; a Iinea e E?eoonea auee iieoaaoaeuiiu E., a Oiinea e Oiaieunea—?iou eaioiienoia. N?aa ii?aaaeyeenu ?iaiua e i?eaiiua aaoe nieaao e nieaaoneeo aaia n 7-eaoiaai aic?anoa. N 1824, a aeao aieuoiai i?ioaioa aaoneie nia?oiinoe, noaee i?eieiaou a oeieu E. eeou n 10-eaoiaai aic?anoa. Ia ana E. iiaee auou ?aciauaiu a oeieao, ooaa iinooiaea eeou 1/ ?anou, inoaeuiua inoa10 aaeenu o ?iaeoaeae eee ?ianoaaiieeia, e-?ua iieo?aee io aiaiiiai aaa-aa io 3 ai 10 ?oa. a aia ia eo niaa??aiea. Ii ainoe?aiee 20 eao E. ca?eneyeenu a aienea. Ec iauaai ?enea 20.000 aaoae E., ?eneeaoeony ia 1 yiaa?y 1857 a Nea., a ?aou?ao oeieao iao?aeinu 2.228 iaeu?eeia. A Nea. a E. ca?eneyeenu ne?iou ec oocaiiiai ianaeaiey, aaoe a?anoaioia, aaoe aa?aaa-nnueuiiiinaeaioaa e nnueuiieaoi??ai, a n 1845 aaoe anao aa?aaa, ?iaeaoeony a Nea. eee i?eauaoeo ooaa aianoa n ?iaeoaeyie. Ia?auaiea n E. auei no?iaia e ?a?ei a oeieao auaaeyeny naiae ?anoieinou?. Aaoae a oa?aiea 7— 8 eao iao?aee o?iioo e ianoa?noaai, a?aiioa, a?eoiaoeea, a?oeeea?ee, oi?oeoeeaoee, iocuea, iaie?. A Iineii iieoaaoaeuiia E. auei ioaaeaiea aey iiaaioiaee ia?aaia?eeia oaoa?neiai e iiiaieuneiai ycueia. A ea?aie ?ioa e iieoaaoaeuiia E. auee iena?neea eeannu, eeannu acaeiiiai iao?aiey, aa?oiee e ie?iee. 17—18-eaoieo E., i?ioaaoeo eo?n oeieu, ?ani?aaaeyee ii iieeai, eae o?iioi- aeeia, iena?ae, ianoa?iauo (oiea?y, i?o?aeieee, eociaou, neana?y, ieioieee, iaey?u e o. i.). Inoaaeyy neo?ao a aieneao, iineaaiyy eaoaai?ey i?aa?auaeanu a ?aianeaiieeia. N 1837 E., i?ioaaoea niioaaonoao?uo? auo?eo, iacia?aeenu caieaia?aie, ?a?oa?ieeaie a Oiaieuneo? aoa., a n 1837 a ?eoo. iae. e E?eoo. aoa.; Iineee aaoaeuii aiaiiuo E. aioiaee oeieuiuo o?eoaeae ec aaoae eaca?uaai nineiaey. ?acei?aiea e?aiinoiiai oic-aa e ?ino e?anouyineeo aieiaiee i?eaaee e ioiaia iaiaaenoiiai aey o?oayueony o??a?aaiey. A 1856 auei ?ac?aoaii aica?auaou nieaaoneeo aaoae e E. ?iaeoaeyi, ?ianoaaiieeai, n i?eienei? aica?auaiiuo e iiaaoiui ninoiyieyi. E?oaeua ne?iou e ia acyoua eaioiienou inoaaaeenu aua a oeieao ai 1858, eiaaa iieoaaoaeuiiu e ?iou aiaiiuo eaioiienoia auee cae?uou. E e o.: Eaeaaa, I. Iaoe iecoea oeieu aiaiiiai aaaiinoaa; Ieeeoei. Iiiaino?aaaeuiua. I?a?ee i?ioeiai, NIa., 1895. EAI?E—ni. Aiaaiua oeuieee. EAIEEI — nei?iue aea?ao ninoaaa H2Al2Si2O8.H2O (naiaiaiay e?aiiaaeeiicaienoay eeneioa). E?enoaeee?aneay neno. iiiieeeie?aneay. Ano?a?aaony a aeaa ?uoeuo oiieicaieenouo e a ieioiuo aa?aaaoao iyaeeo, aeaeeo, iee?ie?enoaeee?aneeo ieanoeiie. Oaao ?enoiai E. aaeue. Oaa?ainou 1 — 2, oa. a. 1,51 — 2,63. ?aeyaony oa?aeoa?iui ieia?aeii iiaa?oiinoe caiiie ei?u eae i?iaoeo auaao?eaaiey iiiaeo ae?iineeeeaoia (iieaauo oiaoia, ne?a e i?.) e nouanoaaiiay ninoaaiay ?anou aeei. I iiiai?eneaiiuo i-ieyo E. a Nea. e?aa—ni. Aeeiu eaieeiiaua. EAIEAI — ni. Eiaooee. EAIIAEU, Aeaaeie? Inea?iae?—ioeoa? oa?neie a?iee, auaaeeaoeeny a 1918—19 eae iaei ec aiaiiiia?aeuieeia aioeniaaoneeo a?iee—nia?aea a I?eaie?ua, caoai a Neae?e. A ?anoe aaia?aea E. aoiaeee ?aai?ea E?aaneiai e Aioeeineiai caaiaia, naycaiiua n eoeaoeie aa?oooeie o?aeuneeo e ia?ineeo caaia. ?aeiiia (o. iac. iinanneiiiua caiee) e iaoiaeaoeany iia aeeyieai aaeiaaa?aaeneie aaeoaoee. «Eaiiaeaaou» eniieuciaaeenu ia oieuei aey ai?uau n E?aniie a?ieae, ii e n ia?oecaineei aae?aieai. A ia?eia ?aca?iia eie?aeiaueiu E. aue iacia?ai aeaaiieiiaiao?uei, Eie?ae i?aaiieaaae ia?aaaou aio caaiea «aa?oiaiiai i?aaeoaey». I?e ionooieaiee io Iinea ia Ainoie «eaiiaeaaou», ?anoiei ?ani?aaeyeenu n ?aai?eie e e?anouyiaie, i?ioee an? Nea. oa?i?aee a ia?aea oaa?aey 1920 E?eooneo, ii iia oaa?aie ia?oecaineeo io?yaia e ?anoae E?eooneiai ?aaie?oeiiiiai Eoaoa auee ioa?ioaiu ca Aaeeae, aaa aiiceaanoaee e ?aniaeenu, i?e ?ai e?aaou e aioeeiou aa?ioeenu ia naie caaiau. Nai E. ai a?aiy ionooieaiey oia? a yiaa?a 1920. Ionooieaiea «eaiiaeaaoaa» («eaayiie iioia»), ia e-?uo aaiie?o?uay aaeiaaa?aaeueia aaeaea a Nea. iineaai??, noaaeo, iineo?eei oaiie aey ?yaa i?iecaaaaiee aaeiaaa?aaeoaa, ecaaiiuo ca a?aieoae. Ni. Eie?aeiaueia. EAIOU?AAI, n.—A?iaeianeiai ?aeiia. Ieioneineiai ie?., Nea. e?ay; ia Aienaa; ini. a 1790; io ?aeii, o. 48 ei, io ?.-a. no. Aaaeai Oiineie ?. a. 94 ei, io i?enoaie Ieioneine 76 ei; oic-a 525, ?eo. 2.557. EAIONOA II?NEA? (Laminaria) — ioiineony e ao?ui aiai?ineyi (Phaeophyceae), ?anoao a?iiaaiuie ca?ineyie a Naa. Iiey?iii i. e ai anao ?anoyo Oeoiai ieaaia. A ieuo, i?aei., oiio?aaeyaony yiiineay E. i. (L. Japonica), e-?ay a i?iiuneiauo ?aeiiao Oaoa?neiai i?i-