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177 CIEIOII?IIUOEAIIINOU 178 ?ac?aoaia ?anoiay C. a Nea.; n 1863 aiiouaiu ?anoiua eeoa aey iieneia, ?acaaaie e ?ac?aaioee ia eaaeiaoneeo caieyo, e a 1870 aue ecaai Onoaa i ?anoiie C., onoaiaaeeaa?uee iauea aey anaai ainoaa?noaa i?aaeea i?iecaianoaa iieneia e ?ac?aaioee cieioa ec ?innuiae. Ai 1829 Nea. ia eiaea caiaoiiai aeeyiey ia ?inneeneo? aiau?o cieioa. Inia. aiaaouo ieiuaaae ai 1839 iaia?o?aii ia auei e ca ia?eia 1829—1839 nea. C. a?aaiaii aaaaea a n?. ie. 1.300 ea, ?oi ninoaaeyei i?eae. 15% ?inneeneie aiau?e e eiioo oeacaiiiai aanyoeeaoey (i?aiaeaaa?uae auea C. o?aeuneay). E yoiio ?a aanyoeeaoe? ioiineony ia?aei ?aaio a neaa. ie?.: n 1829—a Oiineii ?anoiuie eeoaie (Ia?eeineay oaeaa), n 1830—a Aeoaeneii ie?., n 1832a Ia??eineii, n 1834—a A?eineii, Ieioneineii e Aienaeneii, n 1836—ii ?. Ae??na, n 1838 — a Eaineii e Ie?iaoaeineii, n 1839—a neno. ?. Aiaa?u e ic. Aaeeaea. N 1839 ia?eia?o ?acei iaia?o?eaaouny ana iniaaiiinoe nea. C. e ??acau?aeii ?aeuaoii au?eniauaaaony i?aiaeaaa?uay ?ieu ?acee?iuo nea. ?aeiiia a noiia?iie aiau?a cieioa. Eieaaaiey aiau?e a Nea. nicaa?o ?acei caiaoiua nea?ee e iia?a?eeaa?o aiieie?o?uaa cia?aiea Nea. a cieioiaiauaaiee. Oae, a ia?eia n 1839 ii 1850 aiau?a cieioa iniaaiii aic?inea a Aienaeneii ai?iii ie?., ainoeaioa a 1847 ?aei?aiie oeo?u 20.230 ea, aeaaiaa?y ioe?uoe? aiaaoaeoeo cieioiiiniuo ??. Naaaaeeeiia (ni.) e Aeoieeea (ni.) a N.-Aienaeneie oaeaa (ni. Aienaeneee cieioiiiniue ?aeii e Yeuai?aai). A n?. ca yoio i?iia?ooie aia. aiau?o Nea. ii?ii n?eoaou ?aaiie 16.400 ea, ?oi ninoaaeyao i?eae. 74% io n?. ana?inneeneie aiau?e. Iiauie ?aeiiaie ca yoi aanyoeeaoea yaey?ony Eainei - Aeoeineee (ni.) e Aa?aoceineee (ni.), a e-?uo ?innuie ioe?uou a 1823, e Aa?oiaoaeineee n 1849, ii ana ?a enee??eoaeuii yooaeoiuie auee naa. e ??. ?aeiiu Aienaeneie oaeae, aaaoea a oa?aiea 1841—65 iieiaeio (311.000 ea) anaai aiauoiai a ?innee ca yoio ia?eia cieioa (622.000 ea). Niaa?oaiii iiiyoii iiyoiio, ?oi eieaaaiey a aiau?a Aienaeneie oaeae ?oanoaeoaeuii io?a?aeenu ia ana?inneeneie aiau?a, e e?eaay iineaaiae a oi?iinoe aini?iecaiaeo ceacaae e?eaie cieioiaiauaaiey a Aienaeneie oaeaa ai 1865. A ia?eia 1851 —60 n?. aia. aiau?o a Nea. ii?ii n?eoaou ?aaiie 22.000 ea, ?oi ninoaaeyao 85,7% io ana?inneeneie aiau?e. A yoi aanyoeeaoea iiaui ?aeiiii auei I?eaio?ua n 1858. A neaa. aanyoeeaoea (1861—70) i?aiaeaaa?uay ?ieu io Aienaeneie oaeae ia?aoiaeo e Ieaeieinei - Aeoeineiio ie?., ai iaoeo aiae nio?aieaoaio ca niaie neaao ia?aieeanniiai cieioiai ?aeiia. Yoi aanyoeeaoea ioia?aaony ?ac?aoaieai ?anoiie C. ia eaaeiaoneeo caieyo Aeoaeneiai e Ia??eineiai ie?., ioe?uoeai iiauo ?aeiiia: Aa?oieaineiai n 1867 e E?aniiy?neiai n 1868 e inia. ioe?uoeai aiaaoaeoeo Aiaaeaeineeo ieiuaaae. N?. aia. aiau?o ca yoi aanyoeeaoea ii?ii n?eoaou ?aaiie 22.500 ea, eee 83% io ?inneeneie. O?a a neaao?uaa aanyoeeaoea (1871 — 80) aeanoyua io?aceeenu ia aiau?a Aiaaeaeineea ieiuaae, iaoneiaeaoea iaauaaeue ai oiai a?aiaie iaeneioi a 1871 e aua aieuoee a 1880 e iiauneaoea n?. aia. aiau?o ai 31.600 ea ca yoi aanyoeeaoea. Neaa. aanyoeeaoea (1880 — 90), a nayce n ineaaeaieai ?aaiou a Eaineii ?aeiia, aaaaei a?aaiaio? aiau?o a n?. ia 5.300 ea iaiuoa i?aauaouaai, i?e ?ai aanie?oii aunieay oeo?a aiau?e 26.360 ea noieo a nayce n aic?anoaieai aiau?e a Aio?neii ie?oaa. Ia?eia 1890 —1900 oa?aeoa?ecoaony iia’aiii (n?. aia. aiau?a 29.700 ea, i?e iaeneioia a 1893 — 44.900 ea) ca n?ao eae oaaee?aiey aiau?e Eaineiai e Aio?neiai ?aeiiia, oae e ?aceiai ?inoa aiau?e a I?eii?neie iaeanoe. Ia?eia 1901 — 10 ciaiaioaony aiiau iia’aiii ca n?ao ?aaiou i?eeneia Eaineiai, Aio?neiai e I?eii?neiai ?aeiiia e aneaanoaea aiaea?aiey a eniieuciaaiea ei?aiiuo ianoi?i?aaiee. A?aaiaiay n?. aiau?a ca yoi aanyoeeaoea au?a?aeanu a 36.630 ea n ?aei?aiie aiau?ae (a 1910) 63.750 ea. Ia?eia 1911 — 20, aee??a?uee aiau aieiu e ?aaie?oee, anoanoaaiii, oa?aeoa?ecoaony iinoaiaiiui iaaaieai aiau?e, aioaaoei a 1920 ai 1.785 ea aey anaai NNN?. Ca iineaaiaa iyoeeaoea ia?aa aieiie (1909—14) n?. aia. aiau?a au?a?aeanu a 60.500 ea (Nea. e?ae 33,3%, AAE 63,4 e Eacaenoai 3,3). A 1921 aiau?a auea a Nea. e?aa 1.200 ea, a AAE 2.700 ea. N yoiai aiaa aiau?a aic?anoaao e ii n?aaiaie? n 1913 ii?ao auou i?aanoaaeaia a neaa. oaaeeoa (a ea): Iaeanoe Eacae. ?anioaeeea Neae?neee e?ae AAE. A.-I. ?anioaeeea ?eoo. ?anioaeeea Eoiai A i a u 1913 2.616 16.227 10.920 872 — 30.635 1922/23 1923/24 1924/25 1925/26 269 5.507 1.869 122 — 7.767 470 8.144 1.786 180 — 10.580 1.158 9.534 2.838 223 4587 18.340 1.174 10.553 3.292 275 7.034 22.328 Anaai aceao. ?anoe ainoaa?noaa aiauee ii 1915 ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiiai cieioa ieiei 2.000.000 ea, i?e ?ai ?ieu ?aeiiia a aiau?a cieioa ii?ii ?aniiei?eou a oauaa?uai ii?yaea oae: Eaineea ?aeiiu 29%, a. Aienaeneay aoa. 27, a. Aio?neay iae. 13, a. Caaaeeaeuneay iae. 12, Aeoaenei-Ia?eeineea ?aeiiu ieiei 11 e inoaeuiua 8 iaaa?o ia aie? a. I?eii?neie iae., Ae??neineie neno., noaiiuo iae. e a?.; o. i., ?aeiiu Nea. e?ay o?anoaiaaee a ?acia?a 68%, AA 31 e Eacaenoai 1. Ae. ianna cieioa aiauoa ec ?innuiae; ?oaiia aaei ia?aeinu oieuei a aee?aeoaa i?aa aieiie aanyoeeaoea e ca aiaiaiiia iyoeeaoea au?aceeinu oae: Nea. e?ae aiauaae 85,4% ?innuiiiai e 14,6 ei?aiiiai, AAE ?innuiiiai 100%, Eacaenoai 11,7 ?innuiiiai e 88,3 ei?aiiiai. Anaai aiauoi ei?aiiiai cieioa ieiei 40.000 ea. Ana ?aeiiu cieioiaiauaaiey nin?aaioi?aiu a iaeiianaeaiiuo aaeaeeo ie?aeiao, n ii?oe iieiui aacai?i?uai e aaaee io oaa?.-caa. oaio?ia e ia iaeaaaee ii?aaaeaiii? eiee?anoaaiii? onoie?eainou? aiauaaaiiai cieioa, oioy aiau?a iinoaiaiii e iaoeeiiii aic?anoaea. A ia?aea n?. aia. aiau?a au?a?aeanu a 300 ea (1814—20), ?a?ac 50 eao auea a 27.130 ea (1861—70) e a 1913 ainoeaea 60.885 ea, ii yoi iiauoaiea oei n ia?eiae?aneeie eieaaaieyie. ?ino aiau?e i?ienoiaee ia ca n?ao oaaee?aiey i?iecaiaeoaeuiinoe o?oaa, iaoneiaeaiiie oaoie?aneeie oniaa?oainoaiaaieyie, a aneaanoaea aiaea?aiey a noa?o eniieuciaaiey ana iiauo e iiauo aiaaouo ieiuaaae. I?e yoii oaio?u iaea. yooaeoeaiie aiau?e iaoeeiiii ia?aaaeaaeenu e A. (?aeiiu: Aienaeneea, Caaaeeaeuneea, Ieaeieineea, Aeoeineea, Aio?neea, I?eii?neea). A ioiioaiee iaoiaia yenieiaoaoee e ninoiyiey C. Nea., ii?ii neacaou, ?oi 1) ae. ianna cieioa aiauaaaony ec ?innuiae; 2) a AAE ae. ianna cieioa iieo?aaony io ?ac?aaioee ioneoeuiui o?oaii e oieuei iaoa a?aiy oa?aeoa?ecoaony ia?aoiaii e iaoaiecaoee; 3) a Nea. e?aa (ieiuaae a. E?eooneie aoa.,