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149 CAINOAI 150 iua (iieeoaeneea) oi?aaeaiey. Eie ia ea?aia o?aoeaoea ninoaaeyeenu niaou, iineaoea iacaaiea «caineeo», ia aiioneaaoea aeaeiai oeiaine?iaaiey ianoiiai oic-aa, ?anienaiey iaoo?aeuiuo iiaeiiinoae e a?aaiaiua naeuneea e aieinoiua ?aneeaaee. Iaoo?aeuiua (a. ?. ia?aaiaeiua ia aaiuae) e ie?neea iiaeiiinoe, eae i?aaeei, cia?eo. i?aauoaee ioeoeaeuio? caineo? niaoo. Iie auee ??acau?aeii ?aciiia?aciu: ai?i?iay, iiaaiaiay, iinoieiay, eaniay e ii. a?. Iaoo?aeuiua e ie?neea iiaeiiinoe ioauaaeenu oieuei e?anouyinoaii, ?oi nicaaaaei aieuoea euaiou a?. ieaoaeuueeai iaeiaia. O?anoea i?aaeoaeunoaaiiuo n?aanoa a ianoiii oic-aa Nea. auei cia?eoaeuii neaaaa, ?ai a caineeo aoaa?ieyo. Ii oaiio ?inoa ianoiuo oeiainia Nea. n?aco ii?ii auei noaeou ia ieinoaiaeinoe e iaoii?yai?aiiinoe aiia?aoa aa ianoiiai oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. Ca ia?eia 1890—1912 nea. aoa. oaaee?eee naie caineea niaou a 2,5 ?aca, oiaaa eae caineea aoa. aaee oaaee?aiea a 4 ?aca. Ca ia?eia 1904—12 niaou caineeo aoa. aic?inee ia 100%, caineea ?a oeiainu Nea. aaee oieuei 50% oaaee?aiey. I?e iacia?eoaeuiii i?ioaioa ai?. ianaeaiey Nea. i?e iieiii ii?oe ionoonoaee naiae eiaono?ee aii?in i ?acaeoee i?iecaiaeoaeuiuo nee a nea. aa?aaia i?eia?aoae e?oiiaeoaa yeiiiie?aneia e iieeo. cia?aiea. Oi?a.-i?ii. eeann Nea. e eeaa?aeuiay eioaeeeaaioey no?aieeenu oi?i?eou naie iiceoee a noa?a ianoiiai oicyenoaa. N 20-o aa. XIX a. aii?in i i?eaea?aiee auai?iuo e?aae e ?ac?aoaie? ianoiuo o-a. io?a iiaieiaeny iiiai ?ac iauanoaaiiuie aayoaeyie, ia?aou? e aa?a ianoiie aaieieno?aoeae. Iaea. ?acei aii?in i C. aue iinoaaeai a 60-o aa. nea. iaeanoieeaie, a ?anoiinoe e?o?eii «Iieiaay Neae?u». Oa?neia i?aaeoaeunoai, iianaynu ionoonoaey a Nea. iiiaue?uaai eeanna, ia e-?ue iii iiaei au iia?aouny a caineeo o??a?aaieyo, eae yoi auei a Aa?ii. ?innee, iianaynu iaii?a e?anouyineie iannu, aeeyiey iieeoe?aneie nnueee e ?inoa naiiniciaiey oaiaoaiiuo iaoiaiuoeinoa, ?acee?iuie niiniaaie e iia anyeeie i?aaeiaaie nii?ioeaeyeinu aaaaaie? caineeo o??a?aaiee. Nea. ?anoaieaaeanu i?aayuae a??ie?aoeae i?aei. eae iinoaaueoa nu?uy e eae ?uiie aey ?aciauaiey i?ii. i?iaoeoee Aa?ii. ?innee. Caineea ?a o??a?aaiey iiaee a ecaanoiie ia?a ieacaou aicaaenoaea ia iooe oic. ?acaeoey e?ay, ?oi einioeinu au ia oieuei aa?a?eaa e a??ie?aoee, ii e oi?a.-i?ii. a?oii. O?aaiaaiey C. noaee aieaa ianoie?eauie iinea i?iaaaaiey Nea. ?. a. a eiioa 90-o aiaia. Nea. ?. a. onei?eea ianooieaiea e?ecena a n. oic-aa, aucaaea e ?ecie iiaua io?anee oic-aa, iooaniea ia caaiee ieai iiiaea ec i?a?ieo nea. i?iiuneia, oi?ne?iaaea ia?an. aae?aiea e aianoa n yoei iinoaaeea ia i?a?aau iiaua caaa?e ii aai., oic. e eoeuo. ianeo?eaaie? auno?i ?anoouaai nea. ianaeaiey. Iaoaa?e aiaoiae iieeoeee e aiaiiiai aunooieaiey ia AA, ?ino ?aa. iano?iaiee a no?aia auioaeee oa?neia i?aaeoaeunoai iioaeeeiaaou ?ane?eio (1905) i ?ac?aaioea aii?ina i aaaaaiee C. a E?eooneii aai.-aoaa?iaoi?noaa, Oiaieuneie e Oiineie aoaa?ieyo. Aii?in a caeiiiaaoaeuiii ii?yaea aue aianai ia iano?aaiea III Ain. Aoiu, e-?ay, iinea aeeoaeuiie aai i?i?aaioee, i?eiyea, iaeiiao, caeiiii?iaeo i nea. C., iino?iaiiue ia ?aaeoeiiii-a??ie?aoe?aneie iniiaa Iiei?aiey i caineii oi?aaeaiee 1890. I?e ?ai ec aaaaiey caineeo o??a?aaiee enee??aeenu oaeea iaoe?iua ?anoe Nea., eae: I?eaio?neee e?ae, ?eooneay iae., naa. ie?aeiu; aey auai?ueeia onoaiaaeeaaeny aieuoie eiouanoaaiiue oaic (150 aan. caiee) e a?. noanieoaeuiua oneiaey. A?oaeie neiaaie, caineea o??a?aaiey aie?iu auee iie?aouny enee??eoaeuii ia nea. eoea?anoai. Ii aa?a e yoio caeiiii?iaeo aue iioi?iiai Ain. Niaaoii. Ain. Aoia 4-ai nicuaa ia?aea ?ac?aaioeo iiaiai caeiiii?iaeoa, ii oae e ia aiaaea aaea ai eiioa. A ?acoeuoaoa noieaoiaai «i?iaae?aiey» aii?ina—inoaeenu iiiai?eneaiiua i?iaeou e ieaiu. Aaaaaii auei nea. C. o?a iinea Oaa?aeuneie ?aa. (ii caeiio 17 e?iy 1917). N eiioa e?iy 1917 ia?eia?ony iianaianoii a Nea. niaauaiey i ii?yaea aaaaaiey cainoaa. I?aai-nioeaeenoe?aneea ia?oee (a inia. yna?u) aii?inai iiaaioiaee C. aaaaaiey caineeo o??a?aaiee oaaeyee aieuoia aieiaiea, ?ann?eouaay i?ioeaiiinoaaeou C. Niaaoai. Oocaiiua ia?iaiinoe nicaa?o yai?iui iooai naie iao. caineea o??a?aaiey (i?aaiecaoey iao. C. caeiiii i C. a Nea. ia i?aaoniao?eaaeanu): aeoaeou — Aeoaeneo? Ai?io? Aoio (ni.), ao?you — oiooiiua (aieinoiua) e aeia?iua (oacaiua) eiieoaou. A Ieioneinea auaaey?ony a iniao? cai. aaeieoo oaeanu. Iia aeeyieai ?aaeoeiiiuo aaia?aeia, caaaeeaeuneia, aio?neia, neae?neia, onno?eeneia eaca?anoai ianoaeaaei ia nio?aiaiee nineiaiiai eaca?uaai ono?ienoaa e auaaeaiey eaca?anoaa a iniaua caineea aaeieou. A aie Ieoya?uneie ?aa. i?aanoaaeoaee i?aainioeaeenoe?aneeo ia?oee, cae?aieaoenu a caineeo o??a?aaieyo, iiaaee y?inoio? ai?uao n Niaaoaie. Caineea o??a?aaiey, neo?eaoea oe?iie aey aioeniaaoneeo yeaiaioia, nua?aee iaiaeo? ?ieu eae ai a?aiy ?aoneiai aunooieaiey 1918, oae e a ?aaioa anao nea. i?aaeoaeunoa. Nea. Iaeanoiay Aoia (ni.), e-?ay auea i?ioeaiiinoaaeaia Niaaoai, Cai.Nea. Eiienna?eao, A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeunoai Aaoiiiiiie Neae?e, A?aiaiiia Iae. i?aaeoaeunoai O?aea e ?ya «caineeo aeanoae» ia AA iie?aeenu a oie eee eiie noaiaie ia cainoai. Ai a?aiy eie?aeiaueiu neiaaniay iiiiceoeiiiinou iaeioi?uo caineeo o??a?aaiee aucuaaao ?ya iinoaiiaeaiee n ouaieaieai i?aa C., e cia?aiea iineaaiaai oaeoe?anee naiaeony e ioe?. Iiiiceoeiiiua eie?aeiaueia C. o?anoaiaaee a caaiai?a Iieeoe?aneiai oaio?a (ni.). Ia AA «caineay aeanou» ianoi. ao??oacee a ?aciuo oi?iao i?inouanoaiaaea ai 1921. Ieeaeie ?aaiou a eioa?anao oe?ieeo iann nea. caineea o??a?aaiey ca a?aiy naiaai nouanoaiaaiey ia ?acaa?ioee. Iie iuoaeenu iaeaaeou iauee e ieciaie caineee aiia?ao, ii e?anouyineea iannu ioiineeenu e caineei o??a?aaieyi iaaiaa??eai e a?a?aaaii. ?acaeoea ia?oecaineiai aae?aiey a 1919 naaei ia-iao ?ieu caineeo o??a?aaiee ai iiiaeo ?aeiiao Nea., oai aieaa ?oi C. ia?aie naiae caaa?ae iinoaaeei «niaaenoaea oi?ie?iaaie? a?iee» e oe?iei ?acaa?ioei naou inaaaiieoaeuiieioi?iaoeiiiuo a??i, oneoaaie e-?uo iieuciaaeanu eie?aeianeay aiaiueia. Ia a neeao auee caineea o??a?aaiey i?aiaieaou e oeiainiaue e?ecen, o. e. caineea iaeiae iinooiaee e?aeia iaeni?aaii. N onoaiiaeaieai a Nea. nia. aeanoe caineea o??a?aaiey auee eeeaeae?iaaiu. C., ?iaeaoaany a ia?aea Oaa?aeuneie ?aa. e a?a?a. aieiu e iuoaaoaany i?ioeaiiinoaaeou naay Niaaoai, ia’aeoeaii nua?aei oieuei eiio??aa. ?ieu. E e o: Nai?iee i cainoaa a Neae?e, NIa., 1912; Aeuoooeea?, I. E. Cainoai a Neae?e, Oiine, eca. Oiineiai Oi-oa, 1916 (oeacaoaeu eeoa?aoo?u); Iaenaeia, A. e Oo?oiia, A. O?iieea a?a?aaineie aieiu a Neae?e 1917 — 1918,