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Jack and John J Jack and John – Джек и Джон, наиболее распространённые английские мужские имена As the most common English man’s name since the Middle Ages, John, along with its nickname Jack, can be found in hundreds of expressions. The only individuals they refer to are John Doe or John Q. Public, i.e. a generic man. Examples are johnny-come-lately and Johnny Reb for a Confederate soldier. Jack is generally used to refer to the male of a species, thus jackass and jackdaw. The jackrabbit is said to have gotten its name because it has ears resembling a jackass. Then there are things that, in the words of the Oxford English Dictionary “in some way take the place of a lad or man, or save human labor.” Examples are jackhammer, jackknife, jacklight, jackboot and the jack that props up an automobile. Crackerjack, flapjack and jack-o’lantern also refer to the generic Jack. Applejack, brandy derived from apple cider, was not invented by a person named Jack. It was so named because the first people to make it used John-apples which were given that appellation because they ripened around St John’s Day, June 24. Applejohn evolved into the more friendly sounding apple-jack, except in parts of New England where it remains apple-john. Jack Tar, meaning a sailor, probably does not refer to anyone of that name, but to the tar-splattered clothing some sailors sported when working in the bowels of ships. Jack Frost has been mentioned as the personification of cold weather since 1826. Frost is a real last name, and there are, therefore a few real Jack Frosts out there. According to William and Mary Morris’ “Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins”, the expression jackpot meaning a large prize comes from poker where the stakes accumulate until the player “opens the pot” often with a jack. The word hijack probably comes from something a robber might say – “Stick ’em up high, Jack!” or “Up high, Jack!” Hijack evolved into carjack. Paperjacking, an information age version has been recently 78