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Hobson’s choice derogatory, and so is usually offensive to those Americans of Appalachian heritage. Origins of the term “hillbilly” are obscure. The Appalachian region was largely settled in the 18th century by the Scotch-Irish. The most credible theory of the term’s origin is that it derives from the linkage of two older Scottish expressions, “hill-folk” and “billie” which was a synonym for “fellow”, similar to “guy” or “bloke”. The use of the term outside the Appalachians arose in the years after the American Civil War (1861–1865), when the Appalachian region became increasingly bypassed by technological and social changes taking place in the rest of the country. As the frontier pushed further west, the Appalachian country retained its frontier character, and the people themselves came to be seen as backward, quick to violence, and inbred in their isolation. Hippocratic oath – клятва Гиппократа; клятва верности высокому моральному облику и этическому поведению врача An oath attributed to Hippocrates, “the father of medicine”, and enjoined upon his followers, setting up a canon of behavior, integrity and loyalty for doctors. One version begins with the words, “I swear by Apollo, the physician, by Aesculapius, by Hygeia, by Panacea, and by all the gods and goddesses…” The so-called Hippocratic oath taken by the medical profession today is much shorter and somewhat different although the intent is in many respects the same. Hobson’s choice – выбор Хобсона (по имени владельца конюшни), выбор поневоле; видимость выбора A Hobson’s choice is a free choice in which only one option is offered. As a person may refuse to take that option, the choice is therefore between taking the option or not; “take it or leave it”. The phrase is said to originate with Thomas Hobson (1544–1631), a livery stable owner in Cambridge, England. Hobson had an extensive stable of some 40 horses. This gave the appearance to his customers 71