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FIFTH Fifth column - пятая колонна (тайная агентура) A wartime phrase meaning those people i n an occupied country who collaborated w i t h the invaders. The term originated with a 1936 radio address by Emilio Mola, a Nationalist General during the 1936—39 Spanish Civil War. As his army approached Madrid, a message was broadcast that the four columns of his forces outside the city would be supported by a "fifth column" of his supporters inside the city, intent on undermining the Republican government from within. The term was used as the title of Ernest Hemingway's only play, which he wrote in 1938 while the city was being bombarded. During the opening stages of the war, the Republican government purged the police, the military and notable middle class civilians in Madrid of conservatives that might align with Nationalist forces. Thus, this supposed "fifth column" did not prove very effective, and Madrid held out until 1939 despite very heavy fighting. Nevertheless, the term caught on. A fifth-columnist is one of a group of people in a town, country, etc. who try to help the people with whom that town or country is at war. Fifth element - пятый элемент; эфир In classical thought, the four elements — Earth, Water, Air, and Fire — frequently occur. Aristotle included aether i n the system of the classical elements of Ionian philosophy as the "fifth element" or quintessence (after "quint" meaning "fifth"). I n Aristotle's system aether had no qualities (was neither hot, cold, wet, or dry), was incapable of change (with the exception of change of place), and by its nature moved in circles. The concept of the five elements formed a basis of analysis in both Hinduism and 81